Piraeus is the gateway to Athens, the "Cradle of Western Civilization," famed for its lasting cultural and political influence. Driven by tourism and the 2004 Olympics, Greece has redeveloped many sites. Athens remains a historian's delight, with the Acropolis, Parthenon, Plaka's winding streets, the Temple of Olympian Zeus, the Temple of Athena Nike, and the Archaeological Museum's renowned ancient artifacts.

Santorini's dramatic views-whitewashed houses clinging to the caldera, plus white, red, and black-sand beaches-make it one of the world's most photographed places. Visit Ancient Akrotiri, a town preserved by ash from an eruption 3,600 years ago, and take a day trip to Palea (Old) Kameni and Nea (New) Kameni, two black-lava islands in the center of the Santorini basin.

Monemvasia's Old Town sits on a monolithic island nicknamed the "Gibraltar of the East," a natural fortress that preserved it through time. Cross a narrow causeway to the only entrance to this carefully restored medieval walled town. Wander its car-free cobblestone alleys for a rare glimpse of Greece untouched by time and tourism, then dine with a view on local specialties like fresh pasta, cheese pies, and malvasia, its famed sweet wine.

Malta's capital and major port, Valletta was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980. Highlights include the 19th-century Mosta Dome, San Anton Palace Gardens in Attard, Lija and Balzan, and the sea views from Dingli Cliffs. Valletta also makes a good base for day trips to Mdina, with St. John's Baroque Cathedral, and Rabat, once part of Roman Melita, with its archaeological sites.

Destroyed by a 17th-century earthquake, Catania has been beautifully restored and offers ancient churches, castles, amphitheaters, lush gardens, and elegant palazzos. Visit 13th-century Ursino Castle, once on the coast before earthquakes and eruptions reshaped the land. Inland, explore Villa Romana del Casale, a 4th-century UNESCO site famed for some of the finest Roman mosaics.

As is true of the rest of the Amalfi Coast, this city boasts beautiful vistas, charming open-air cafés and captivating landmarks with historic roots. One example is Duomo di Salerno, an absolute must see for lovers of art, history and architecture. This Italian cathedral showcases an impressive design, powerful frescoes and melodious mosaics spanning the centuries as far back as the 11th century, when it was built by the Normans.

Rome offers endless choices: enjoy street performers at the Spanish Steps, wine and people-watching in colorful Trastevere, or the city's rich history and architecture. St. Peter's Basilica is a full-day visit, with the Sistine Chapel and panoramic views from the dome. Don't miss the Trevi Fountain, the Colosseum, and Aventine Hill, which overlooks the Imperial Palaces ruins and the Circus Maximus.